Passenger Comfort

In addition to vehicle aerodynamics, optimization of interior climate control systems is also an important CFD application. Applications include interior heating and cooling (including solar radiation) and windshield defogging and defrosting. SC/Tetra is capable of handling very complicated geometries with its sophisticated and robust grid generator and low memory consumption solver. In addition, SC/Tetra offers unique capabilities for predicting occupant comfort by employing a fully coupled human body thermoregulatory model. This model considers the detailed human body vascular system and individual physiological factors.

Underhood Cooling

Manifold

Intake and exhaust manifolds performance are usually first simulated in steady state to ensure a uniform pressure distribution. Transient analysis is used to determine if reverse flows exist. In addition to internal flow simulation, an exhaust manifold should be thermally simulated to ensure correct material selection and material thicknesses.

Engine Valve

For engine valve analyses, the swirl ratio and/or tumble ratio are important fuel mixture parameters that greatly influence combustion and emissions. SC/Tetra is used for calculating and optimizing inlet and exhaust valve design geometries.

Flow Analysis of Engine Port

This type of analysis is designed to predict the inflow rate of air that depends on valve lift and degree of attachment. Analysis time and memory can be minimized by applying a model in 1/2 scale when a symmetrical geometry is used. Automatic script processing is also possible using valve lift and degree of attachment as parameters.

Vehicle Headlights

Thermal management is crucial due to high output characteristic of vehicle headlights, especially when LED headlights are used, which have low heat-resistant temperature. Heat from light source is emitted to open air as radiant energy along with heat conduction and convective heat transfer. Highly accurate prediction of temperature is possible by accounting for reflector and radiant energy reflectivity and absorbance degree of cover material.

Analysis of the Fluid Flow inside In-cylinder (Mesh Element Distribution and Surface Pressure Distribution)

Complicated transient flow occurs in cylinders due to opening and closing of engine valves. Opening and closing of valves can be analyzed by overset mesh function that calculates layered in-cylinder and valve mesh elements. As contact between objects can be taken into account in this analysis, which was formerly difficult to examine, it is possible to draw more accurate prediction of flow field that is determined by opening and closing motions.

Analysis of the Air Flow in Large Vehicle Interior (Streamline and Distribution of Surface Temperature)

Thermal comfort of bus interior space can be evaluated. Air-conditioning effects and thermal loads can be taken into account. Passengers can be represented using JOS (thermoregulation) models, which accounts for blood circulation and thermal management function of body, as well as effects of clothing. Using this analysis, it is possible to evaluate the level of passenger comfort by calculating air temperature as well as skin temperature and perspiration of passengers in vehicle indoor space.

Thermal Analysis of a Vehicle Headlamp (Temperature Distribution)

Thermal management is crucial due to high output characteristic of vehicle headlights. Heat from light source is emitted to open air as radiant energy along with heat conduction and convective heat transfer. Highly accurate prediction of temperature is possible by accounting for reflector and radiant energy reflectivity and absorption of cover material.

Analysis of Electrostatic Spray

This is an example where particle tracking was used to analyze spraying effects of paints from spray gun. Effects of paint particles can be evaluated, which are emitted through electrostatic field created by voltage applied from spray gun, while being exposed to electrostatic force. It is also possible to calculate the adhered position of paints on target object, and adhered thickness.

Power Supply Unit

The power supply unit which transforms voltage emits large amounts of heat which is dissipated by both forced convection from fans and natural convection. HeatDesigner stably computes natural heat dissipation using predetermined calculation parameters for electrical and electronics equipment.

Flow Analysis inside a Chassis (Particle Tracking)

This is a simulation example of electronics cooling that uses fans. It is essential to apply the most appropriate type of fan and determine located position for forced air-cooler design. By conducting thermal analyses, engineers can check whether the output air flow rate and velocity towards cooling target components meet the requirements. Overall device can also be optimized by evaluating the ideal geometry of heat sinks along wind paths.

Projector

Due to the increasing demands for miniaturization and the improved in output power, it is critical to ensure heat dissipation capability for projector design. Prior evaluation on fan design and component layout allows designers to assess and consider ways to increase the heat dissipation efficiency.

Analysis of the Flow inside Gear Pump (Mesh Element Distribution)

Gear pumps are widely used as constant volume pumps for hydraulic power units of industrial machinery. In this type of analysis, surrounding fluid is transferred as mesh elements of gear rotate. Using overset mesh function, it is possible to account for the effect of gears engaging with each other.

Analysis of Air Flow Generated by Roots Blower

A roots blower is a pump that performs air intake and exhaust by a pair of non-contact, counter-rotating rotors. In this analysis, the mesh elements move as the rotors rotate. It is possible to account for the effect of rotors engaging with each other by using overset mesh function.

Room Ventilation II

scSTREAM automatically calculates heat generation by sunlight using a solar radiation function. The user is provided with parameters to control solar radiation, such as transmission rate, glass absorptivity, and absorptivity of the object surface that is exposed to the sun loading. By including specific heat considerations, scSTREAM can be used to calculate performance of a heat storage system which accumulates solar energy during the day and uses it at night. scSTREAM can also consider thermal buoyancy such as the natural ventilation caused by differences in temperature throughout a house.

Air flow around Buildings

High rise communities are subject to the intricacies of wind change. They can be subject to, as well as generate, strong winds. The wind environment should be analyzed prior to construction since making changes after construction is very difficult and costly. scSTREAM can simulate accurate geometries by importing the numerical map (GIS format) for a specific building as well as the surrounding buildings.

Ventilation System

CFD is used to evaluate ventilation system performance. SC/Tetra is used when the analysis involves complicated shapes such as the inside and outlet of an air-conditioner. scSTREAM is used for the analysis of surrounding airflow and/or for simpler geometries.

Air flow around Bridge

Windy environments are induced in valley-shaped terrains. A wind analysis should be conducted whenever there is construction in these areas. scSTREAM can import terrain geography from map data and calculate wind pressures on buildings and bridges.

Flow around a Water Gate

Using the moving object function, SC/Tetra can calculate the fluid flow field associated with closing down a water gate. This includes pressure fluctuations and the water surface elevation.

Analysis of Air Flow inside Clean Room (Speed Vector and Concentration Distribution).

In a cleanroom, the number of floating particulates in the space is maintained below a certain level. Temperature, humidity, and pressure are also regulated. Using scSTREAM, it is possible to create models of particulates represented in diffusive species or particles and predict how air contaminants distribute and behave in the space.

Analysis of Humidity in Indoor Space Facilitated with Humidity Conditioner

Humidity conditioner can be facilitated to maintain comfortable indoor environment and dry wet laundry indoor on a rainy day. When a indoor humidity conditioner is used, room temperature rises due to latent heat generated and decreasing humidity level. Using scSTREAM, it is possible to account for such effects created by humidity conditioner and perform humidity analysis of indoor space.

Sirocco Fan

SC/Tetra greatly reduces working hours for simulating a sirocco fan, as well as a propeller fan. A transient analysis using the ALE function (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian for moving and/or rotating boundaries) can be used to provide more accurate details over and above a cursory steady state analysis.

Air flow around Buildings

The shape and the number of blades greatly affect the performance of a turbofan. SC/Tetra can be used to evaluate several different cases in a short time because it is possible to build a model by changing only the rotating parts and its area.

Multi-Stage Pump

The computation of the fluid flow through fans and turbines tends to take a long time because of the transient phenomenon that occurs between the rotating and stationary components. However, SC/Tetra possesses convenient functions design to facilitate these analyses. These include the axial symmetric condition, periodic boundary conditions, and treating the rotating force as a rotating object instead of simulating the actual rotation. These functions can greatly reduce the calculation time while still accurately simulating the physics.

Chemical Vapor Deposition

CFD is used for Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process analysis that is used to generate thin films such as silicon on printed circuit boards. SC/Tetra can handle a multiple-gas mixing analysis as well as a single carrier gas.